Review of Jehovah's Witnesses: A Comprehensive and Selectively Annotated Bibliography:
Jehovah's Witness. A Comprehensive and Selectively Annotated
Bibliography
Sociology of Religion; Florida; Spring 2000; Richard Singelenberg;
Reprinted with permission from the Spring issue (vol. 61, no. 1) of Sociology of
Religion: A Quarterly Review© Association for the Sociology of Religion, Inc.,
2000. May not be reprinted without permission. Contact: Association for the
Sociology of Religion, 3520 Wiltshire Dr., Holiday, FL 34691-1239.
Volume: 61
Issue: 1
Start Page: 114-115
ISSN: 10694404
Subject Terms: Nonfiction; Religion; Religious organizations; Bibliographic
literature
Companies: Jehovahs WitnessesSic:813110; Watchtower Bible & Tract
SocietySic:813110 Sic:813110Sic:813110
Abstract: Singelenberg reviews "Jehovah's Witnesses. A Comprehensive and
Selectively Annotated" compiled by Jerry Bergman.
Full Text:
Copyright Association for the Sociology of Religion Spring 2000
Jehovah's Witnesses. A Comprehensive and Selectively Annotated Bibliography,
Compiled by JERRY BERGMAN. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press, 1999, xiii
+ 351pp. $59.50.
Recently, Rodney Stark and Lawrence Iannaccone advised social scientists of
religion to spend more time studying the Jehovah's Witnesses (JWs). They accused
their colleagues of systematically neglecting the Watchtower Bible and Tract
Society (WBTS) and its adherents. The membership of this more than 100-year-old
religious movement may be highly visible in daily life, but it is practically
ignored in journals and textbooks.1
Whatever the reason may be, a lack of written sources can hardly be a valid
explanation for this alleged indifference by the scientific community. In his
second bibliography about the JWs, American psychologist Bergman compiles
approximately 5000 titles of printed material by and about the WBTS and its
membership. The author divides this work into five categories: official
literature by the WBTS (chapter 1); material associated with the movement's
genesis and early development (chapter 2); sources from outside observers such
as books and newsletters (chapter 3) and magazine and journal articles (chapter
4). and, finally, material from the organization's offshoots (chapters 5 and 6).
Only chapter 4 is arranged by separate subjects like court cases involving the
JWs, the blood transfusion doctrine, the flag salute issue, and sociological and
psychological studies. A name index concludes the book.
Though the bulk of the publications are in English, Bergman also presents many
sources from Germany, Holland, and Scandinavia. Italian, Spanish, French, and
Russian references are sparse while material in other languages is minimal. The
time span covers more than a century and a half: from the 1840s - sources that,
according to Bergman, were highly influential in the development of the views of
founder Russell - until 1997. With regard to the amount of sociological
research, a quick count yields approximately 20 Ph.D. dissertations and 50
articles in professional journals. If these numbers indicate "systematic
neglect" as asserted by Stark and Iannaccone, one wonders what amount is
required for "systematic attention."
This bibliography is a reasonably easy reference book for specialists. One may
conclude that, with one exception, most of what any researcher on this religious
movement will require is here. Particularly the final chapters that deal with
the organization's many schisms offer interesting details. Social scientists may
pay too little attention to the JWs; the offshoots of the WBTS are a virtual
terra incognita.
Unfortunately, the bibliography's comprehensiveness is the only positive
characteristic of this work. The annotations suffer from subjective usage,
unfounded or incomplete evaluations, and tabloid irrelevance. Partially, these
problems can be explained by the compiler's former religious allegiance; Bergman
is an ex-JW and notorious adversary of the WBTS. The uninformed reader, however,
is left in the dark about these facts. "He has been researching and writing
about the Jehovah's Witness movement for nearly four decades," is the only
biographical information provided. From the annotations, however, his present
position and sentiments become clear.
He describes the organization as "corrupted," "inhuman," and "dishonest" while
its various teachings, such as the blood transfusion doctrine and the prophetic
year 1914, are evaluated as "tragic," "erroneous," and "wrong" (pp. 95, 98, 100,
111 ). Next, Bergman qualifies hundreds of sources including some of his own (p.
119) - as "excellent" without providing any argument for this appraisal. This
applies to a Swedish treatise ("excellent review") that makes a stand against
the movement's transfusion prohibition (p. 100) and a Dutch book that contains
"much excellent information found nowhere else" (p. 109). How does he know? Has
he mastered these languages? From the writer's acknowledgments, it seems that
many opinions probably originate from foreign associates who contributed much of
the non-English material (p. ix).
Some annotations are painfully incomplete or embarrassingly void. A plain
blunder is the comment on a publication commissioned by the former East German
Secret Service with the specific intention to discredit the WBTS. Surely,
Bergman labels the book "an Anti-Witness work," but he leaves out the vital (and
well-known) information that the Stasi was behind its production (p. 97). Also,
the pioneering studies of Bryan Wilson on the JWs are devoid of any comment (p.
256); and when the reader's interest may have been aroused by an obscure but
unique experimental study on personality traits among German JWs, no details but
the minimally required bibliographical data are provided (p. 101 ). In contrast,
the author's comments on the seminal study of the JWs persecution in
Nazi-Germany by historian Garbe are limited to the gratuitous remark that the
movement's own historiography is "not always very accurate," rather than showing
the theoretical merits of this work (p. 97). Further, Bergman overlooks numerous
German (case) studies published since the early 90s about the fate of the JWs
during the Hitter-regime. A separate section on this specific issue would have
been appropriate.
An inclination to outright sensationalism can be detected in annotations about
the alleged relationship between WBTS membership and adverse behavior. What does
the author suggest with the comment "About the skinhead murder by three boys all
of which were raised Witnesses" (p. 107)? So far, any significant association
between upbringing in this religious milieu and criminal activities has not been
demonstrated. The same goes for a JW lawyer who swindled his fellow believers
(p. 241). These are unfortunate events, but by emphasizing these and similar
isolated incidents it is unclear what information the writer wants to convey to
the reader other than the negative stigmatization of a religious minority.
Concerning Bergman's classification criteria, one may wonder if grouping the so
called "human interest" category under the heading of "sociological and
psychological studies" is advisable. Thus, articles in Sociological Analysis and
Acta Psychiatrica Belgica alternate with a Penthouse interview with singer and
JW-raised Patti Smith and an expose about a converted television star in Woman's
Day (pp. 249-256). Finally, the observation that the non-English entries are
saturated with language errors points to sloppy - if at all - final editing, the
sophisticated external care of the book aside. The best advice to the reader
would be to concentrate on the titles and ignore the annotations.
1. Stark, R. & L. Iannaccone. 1997 'Why the Jehovah's Witnesses grew so
rapidly'. Journal of Contemporary Religion, Vol 12, nbr 2, pp 133-157.
Richard Singelenberg
University of Utrecht