ÿþ<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <title>Bible Translation and Study</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-gb"> <meta name="keywords" content="Jehovah's Witnesses, New World Translation, Jehovah's Witnesses Defended, Jehovas Zeugen, Témoins de Jéhovah, Testigos de Jehova."> <meta name="description" content="Defence of Jehovah's Witnesses, their doctrines and their New World Translation against critics."> <link rel=stylesheet type="text/css" href="style.css"> <style> <!-- span.MsoFootnoteReference {vertical-align:super;} span.def-sensenum1 {color:#333333; font-weight:bold} span.def-grammar1 {color:#333333; font-style:normal} span.cald-definition1 {color:#003399; font-style:normal} span.cald-example1 {color:#333333; font-style:italic} .msg {display:inline-block}.mb {font-size:80%;padding:6 8 0 14;width:100%}.cb {background-image:url('http://gmail.google.com/gmail/images/card_left.gif');background-position: left 50%;background-repeat:repeat-y;border-right:1px solid #e8e8e8;}div.Section1 {page:Section1;} h4 {margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:0cm; page-break-after:avoid; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Tahoma; font-weight:normal} --> </style> </head> <body bottommargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" rightmargin="0" topmargin="0" background="background.jpg"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="148" height="111"><FONT face="Trebuchet MS"><IMG height=111 alt="" src="topleft.jpg" width=148 border=0></FONT></td> <td width="100%" height="111" background="topbg.jpg"> <font face="Trebuchet MS"><!----- Insert your logo below ------------------------------------------> </font> <span lang="en-gb"><FONT face="Trebuchet MS"><FONT color=#0080ff size=7><EM><STRONG>Bible Translation and Study</STRONG></EM></FONT>&nbsp;<!-----------------------------------------------------------------------> </FONT> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="96"><FONT face="Trebuchet MS"><IMG height=1 alt="" src="spcr.jpg" width=96 border=0></FONT></td> <td width="100%"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="15" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="96">&nbsp;</td> <td width="100%"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="15" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td> <h3 align="center"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> <font size="5">Does the <i>New World Translation</i> Add Words to Colossians 1:16, 17?</font></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Do not add anything or take anything away!&nbsp; (Deuteronomy 4:2; 12:32; Revelation 22:18, 19)&nbsp; Anyone who undertakes to translate God&#39;s Word into another language must see this as a particularly sobering warning.&nbsp; So it is important to consider the common accusation made against the <i>New World Translation</i> that it has added words to Colossians 1:16-20.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Typical of such accusations is that made by the late Ray Stedman:</span></p> <blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">&nbsp;&quot;If you look carefully at the Jehovah&#39;s Witnesses&#39; little green translation of the Scriptures, you will notice that in order to<img border="0" src="stedman.jpg" width="120" height="166" align="right" hspace="4" vspace="4" lowsrc="Ray%20Stedman" longdesc="Ray Stedman" alt="Ray Stedman"> substantiate their lie about Jesus Christ, <b>they&#39;ve inserted the word &quot;other&quot; in these phrases.</b> &quot;All other things were created by him. In him all other things were created.&quot; But <b>there is absolutely no warrant whatsoever in the Greek text for the insertion of the word &quot;other.&quot;</b> This is a clear instance of the kind of deceitfulness to which these people will stoop in order to propagate their lies.&quot;<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><a name="_ftnref1" href="#_ftn1" title><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[1]</span></font></a></span> (Emphasis added)</span></p> </blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Leaving aside the emotive language used by Stedman and his failure to allow even for the possibility that the NWT translators might be sincere in their efforts, the substance of this allegation must be investigated.&nbsp; Has the word &#39;other&#39; been inserted arbitrarily, without foundation?</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p> <h1 align="center"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> <font size="4">Understanding How Translations are Made</font></span></h1> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Translation involves rendering the words and thoughts of a writer in one language (generally referred to as the Source Language) into another (called the Target Language).&nbsp; The process of translating anything involves much more than simply substituting a word in the source language for a corresponding word in the target language.&nbsp; </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">As one textbook used for training translators states:</span></p> <blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">&quot;Elements of meaning which are represented by several orthographic words in one language, say English, may be represented by one orthographic word in another, and vice versa.&nbsp; ... <i>There is no one-to-one correspondence between orthographic words and elements of meaning within or across languages</i>.&quot; (Italics added)<a name="_ftnref2" title href="#_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline"><font size="1">[2]</font></span></span></a></span></p> </blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Frequently, then translators are obliged to use more than one word in English<img border="0" src="baker.jpg" align="right" hspace="4" vspace="4" width="111" height="175"> to give a complete picture of what is being said in the Greek text of the Bible.&nbsp; This happens constantly.&nbsp; For instance, Colossians 1 in the original Greek has 551 words, whereas the <i>King James Version</i> has 656 words, the <i> New International Version</i> has 673, the <i>New World Translation</i> has 766 and the <i>Good News Bible</i> (<i>Today&#39;s English Version</i>) has 797.&nbsp; There is nothing unusual or sinister about this.&nbsp; Often, the extra words are needed to complete the sense in English.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">What we have to ask ourselves, then, is not whether there is a particular <i> word</i> in Colossians 1:16 that means &#39;other&#39; but whether the <i>idea</i> of &#39;other&#39; is found in the meaning of the complete <i>sentence</i>.</span></p> <h3 align="center"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Does <i>Koine</i> Greek Always Require the Use of a Word for &quot;Other&quot;?</span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">The <i>koine</i> Greek of the New Testament has a number of words that may be translated as &#39;other&#39;.&nbsp; These include among a number of others </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">±»»¿Â</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> (<i>allos</i>), </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">µÄµÁ¿Â</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> (<i>heteros</i>), </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">»¿¹À¿Â</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> (<i>loipos</i>).&nbsp; Frequently, however, the concept of &#39;other&#39; is not stated expressly, it is simply implied.&nbsp; </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> Instructive in this regard is the comment made by noted scholars Blass, Debrunner and Funk, in their <i>Grammar</i>: </span></p> <blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> &quot;Further ellipses: (1) The omission of the notion &#39;other, whatever&#39; (§ 306 (5)) is specifically Greek.&quot; </span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline" class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a name="_ftnref3" href="#_ftn3" title><font size="1"> <span style="font-weight: 400">[3]</span></font></a></span></p> </blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> <img border="0" src="bdf.jpg" width="136" height="180" align="left" hspace="4" vspace="4" lowsrc="A%20Greek%20Grammar%20of%20the%20New%20Testament%20and%20Other%20Early%20Christian%20Literature%20" longdesc="A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature " alt="A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature ">In other words, Greek sometimes takes it for granted that the word &#39;other&#39; is implied.&nbsp; This phenomenon is not unique to Greek; it is sometimes encountered in English, which may occasionally omit the word &#39;other&#39; when there is little chance of misunderstanding.&nbsp; But an examination of the New Testament indicates that this type of structure is encountered with much greater frequency in <i>koine</i> Greek.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Consider, for example, the following phrases from the book of Acts.&nbsp; The original Greek is followed by the <i>King James Version</i> rendering in red and the <i>New International Version</i> in blue.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">&nbsp;</span></p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" bgcolor="#DDFFEF"> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width:86.4pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Acts 5:29</span></td> <td width="453" valign="top" style="width: 339.7pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: .5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> ±À¿ºÁ¹¸µ¹Â ´µ  µÄÁ¿Â º±¹ ¿¹ ±À¿ÃÄ¿»¿¹ µ¹À¿½</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> <br> [apokritheis de Petros kai oi apostoloi eipon]</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> Then Peter and the <b><i>other</i></b> apostles answered and said </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: #3366FF"> Peter and the <b>other</b> apostles replied</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Acts 4:6</span></td> <td width="453" valign="top" style="width: 339.7pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> š±¹±Æ±½ º±¹ ™É±½½·½ º±¹ ‘»µ¾±½´Á¿½ º±¹ ¿Ã¿¹ ·Ã±½ µº ³µ½¿Å ±ÁǹµÁ±Ä¹º¿Å</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> <br> [Kaiaphan kai Ioannen kai Alexandros kai hosoi esan ek genous archieratikou]</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> Caiaphas, and John, and Alexander, and as many as were of the kindred of the high priest,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: #3366FF"> Caiaphas, John, Alexander and the <b>other</b> men of the high priest&#39;s family</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Acts</span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> 16:25</span></td> <td width="453" valign="top" style="width: 339.7pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> š±Ä± ´µ Ä¿ ¼µÃ¿½ÅºÄ¹¿½  ±Å»¿Â º±¹ £¹»±Â ÀÁ¿ÃµÅÇ¿¼µ½¿¹ ż½¿Å½ Ä¿½ ˜µ¿½‡ µÀ·ºÁ¿É½Ä¿ ´µ ±ÅÄɽ ¿¹ ´µÃ¼¹¿¹.&nbsp; </span> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> <br> [Kata de to mesonyktion Paulos kai Silas proseuchomenoi hymnoun ton Theon; epekroonto de auton oi desmioi]</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> And at midnight Paul and Silas prayed, and sang praises unto God: and the prisoners heard them.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: #3366FF"> About midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the <b>other</b> prisoners were listening to them.</span></td> </tr> </table> <FONT size=2> <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p> <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=208 align=right border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width=5> <font face="Trebuchet MS"> <IMG height=1 alt="" hspace=0 src="o.gif" width=5 border=0></font></TD> <TD class=sibtbg> <DIV> <DIV class=mva> <font face="Trebuchet MS"> <IMG height=13 alt="" src="left_quote.gif" width=24 border=0> <b>The omission of the notion &#39;other&#39; is specifically Greek</b> <IMG height=13 alt="" src="right_quote.gif" width=23 align=right border=0><BR clear=all></font></DIV></DIV> <DIV class=mva> <DIV><font face="Trebuchet MS"><i>Greek Grammar</i>, Blass, Debrunner Funk</font></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></FONT> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">It is evident that in the above cases <i>other</i> is not expressed in Greek - but it is implied.&nbsp; The Greek expression translated literally as &quot;Peter and the apostles&quot; does not imply that Peter was not an apostle.&nbsp; Likewise, Caiaphas <i>was</i> the High Priest, and Paul and Silas <i>were</i> prisoners.&nbsp; The <i>New International Version</i> has correctly supplied the word &#39;other&#39;, which is implicit in the above sentences, although it is not possible to point to a particular word in the above sentences that is translated <i>other.</i>&nbsp; The <i> King James Version</i> has done likewise in Acts 5:29, but not in the other two instances, leaving it to the intelligence of the reader to understand this.&nbsp;</span></p> <h3 align="center"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Use of <i>pas</i> to mean &#39;all other&#39;</span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">The omission of words that express the notion &#39;other&#39; is particularly common with the Greek word <i>pas</i> (all).&nbsp;&nbsp; This may be seen by comparing verses in the <i>New International Version </i> &nbsp;where a form of the Greek word <i>pas</i> is translated by &#39;all other(s)&#39; or some similar phrase.&nbsp; <b>In the following table, none of the verses cited use any of the Greek words traditionally translated &#39;other&#39;.</b>&nbsp; The word is merely implied by the context.</span></p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="583" style="width: 437.4pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" bgcolor="#DDFFEF"> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width:86.4pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Matt. 26:35</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: .5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none; margin: 4.5pt 0cm"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> And all the <b>other</b> disciples said the same.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Mark 12:43</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the <b>others</b>.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Luke 3:19</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none; margin: 4.5pt 0cm"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> And all the <b>other</b> disciples said the same.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Luke 11:42</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> you give God a tenth of your mint, rue and all <b> other</b> kinds of garden herbs</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Luke 13:2</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the <b>other</b> Galileans because they suffered this way?</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Luke 13:4</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> do you think they were more guilty than all the <b> others</b> living in Jerusalem?</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Acts 16:32</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> Then they spoke the word of the Lord to him and to all the <b>others</b> in his house.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">1 Cor. 6:18</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> All <b>other</b> sins a man commits are outside his body, but he who sins sexually sins against his own body.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">2 Cor. 9:13</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> your generosity in sharing with them and with everyone <b>else</b>.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">1 Thess. 3:12</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> May the Lord make your love increase and overflow for each other and for everyone <b>else</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">1 Thess. 5:15</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> always try to be kind to each other and to everyone <b>else</b></span></td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">In all of the above occurrences, the <i>New International Version </i>has used words such as &#39;other&#39; or &#39;else&#39; to complete the sense in English.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><a name="_ftnref4" href="#_ftn4" title><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[4]</span></font></a></span>&nbsp; This does not mean that they are adding to God&#39;s word, they are simply making explicit or clear what was already there in the Greek text.&nbsp; Thus, it is by no means wrong to translate <i>pas</i> as &#39;all other,&#39; <i>where that is what is implied by the context.</i></span></p> <h3 align="center"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">A Greek Lesson from the Apostle Paul</span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">The writings of the Apostle Paul himself, who wrote the letter to the Colossians, teach us that <i>pas</i> can have the meaning of &#39;all other things&#39;.&nbsp; Consider what he writes in 1 Corinthians 15:28:</span></p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="583" style="width: 437.4pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" bgcolor="#DDFFEF"> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width:86.4pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Greek</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: .5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> À±½Ä±</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> ³±Á ÅÀµÄ±¾µ½ ÅÀ¿ Ä¿Å À¿´±Â ±ÅÄ¿Å ¿Ä±½ ´µ µ¹À· ¿Ä¹ </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> À±½Ä±</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> ÅÀ¿ÄµÄ±ºÄ±¹ ´·»¿½ ¿Ä¹ µºÄ¿Â Ä¿Å ÅÀ¿Ä±¾±½Ä¿Â ±ÅÄÉ Ä± </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> À±½Ä±</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> [panta</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> gar hypetaxen hypo tous podas autou.&nbsp; otan de eipe hoti </span> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> panta</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> hypotetaktai delon hoti ektos tou hypotaxantos auto ta </span> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> panta</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline" class="MsoFootnoteReference"><a name="_ftnref5" href="#_ftn5" title><font size="1">[5]</font></a></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-weight: 400; "><font style="font-size: 11pt" color="#FF0000"><span style="font-weight: 400">]</span></font></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">KJV</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> For he hath put all things under his feet. But when he saith all things are put under <i>him, it is</i> manifest that he is excepted, which did put all things under him.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">NIV</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> For he has put everything under his feet. Now when it says that everything has been put under him, it is clear that this does not include God himself, who put everything under Christ.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">NWT</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> For&nbsp; [God]&nbsp;&nbsp; &quot;subjected all things under his feet.&quot;&nbsp; But when he says that&nbsp; &#39;all things have been subjected,&#39;&nbsp; it is evident that it is with the exception of the one who subjected all things to him.</span></td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Thus, Paul himself says that it is </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">´·»¿½</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">, <i>delon</i>, &#39;manifest, clear, evident&#39; that the word <i> pas</i> can have exceptions.&nbsp; In this case, when Scripture says that &quot;all things&quot; (<i>ta panta) </i>are subjected to Christ, Paul points out that the expression &#39;all things&#39; has an exception - it does not include God himself.&nbsp; For Paul, this is obvious, as it should be to modern-day readers of the Bible.&nbsp; None of the above-mentioned translations use the word &#39;other&#39;, doubtless reasoning that it is so obvious as to be superfluous.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">That the word &#39;other&#39; is often implicit in the Greek text is admitted even by Robert Bowman, who is a critic of the <i>New World Translation.&nbsp; </i>He acknowledges:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">It is, of course, legitimate for translators to add the word &quot;other&quot; where this does not change the meaning but simply makes for smoother English (e.g., Luke 11:41-42; 13:2,4).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">However, Bowman then adds:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">In Colossians 1:16-20, however, adding &quot;other&quot; substantially changes the meaning.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><a name="_ftnref6" href="#_ftn6" title><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[6]</span></font></a></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">In view of Bowman&#39;s comment, we must ask whether the inclusion of the word &#39;other&#39; changes the meaning of the original Greek text.&nbsp; Rolf Furuli explains why this is not the case:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">In NWT the use of &quot;all other&quot; four times in Colossians 1 cannot be viewed as bias, and it is not <i>interpolation</i>, since the very words of 1:15 reveal that Jesus Christ is a part of creation, which then implies the word &quot;other&quot; in these four places<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">.<a name="_ftnref7" title href="#_ftn7">[7]</a></span></font></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">In view of the statement in verse 15 that Christ is the &quot;firstborn of all Creation&quot;, the <i>New World Translation</i> has a very strong case indeed for its translation.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Of course, it is true that some would render the phrase in Colossians 1:15 as &quot;firstborn <i>over</i> all creation&quot; (<i>New International Version; </i>emphasis added) or even to paraphrase it - incorrectly - as &quot;firstborn son, superior to all created things&quot; (<i>Good News Translation</i>).&nbsp; This is referred to by some as the &quot;genitive of subordination&quot;.<a name="_ftnref8" title href="#_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[8]</span></font></span></a>&nbsp; It is true that <i>prototokos </i>can at times figuratively refer to supremacy.&nbsp; However, leaving Colossians 1:15 aside, there is no instance of <i>prototokos </i>being used anywhere in the NT or the LXX with a &#39;genitive of subordination&#39;<i> </i> <a name="_ftnref9" title href="#_ftn9"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><font size="1"> <span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[9]</span></font></span></a>&nbsp; Furthermore, even if one accepts the extremely dubious conclusion that Colossians 1:15 has a genitive of subordination, that does still not rule out the possibility of Christ&#39;s being a created being.&nbsp; Indeed, in view of the information cited previously in this article, there is no reason why <i>prototokos pases ktiseos </i>could not be translated as &#39;firstborn over all other creation&#39;!</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Jason Beduhn makes an further point in his book <i>Truth in Translation</i>:</span></p> <blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">So what exactly are objectors to &quot;other&quot; arguing for as the meaning of the phrase &quot;all things&quot;?&nbsp; That Christ created himself (v. 16)?&nbsp; That Christ is before God and that God was made to exist by means of Christ (v. 17)?&nbsp; That Christ, too, needs to be reconciled to God (v. 20)?&nbsp; When we spell out what is denied by the use of &quot;other&quot; we can see clearly how absurd the objection is.<a name="_ftnref10" title href="#_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[10]</span></font></span></a></span></p> </blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">The point is obvious: <i>pas</i> (all) does not always necessarily mean every person, human or spirit, who is living, has ever lived in the past or will ever live in the future.&nbsp; Common sense must be applied.</span></p> <h3 align="center"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> Created &#39;by Christ&#39; - In What Sense?</span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">This brings us to the exact meaning of the phrase used by Paul to say that everything was created.&nbsp; We can compare the original Greek text with a number of translations.</span></p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="583" style="width: 437.4pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" bgcolor="#DDFFEF"> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width:86.4pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Greek</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: .5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> ¿Ä¹ </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> µ½ ±ÅÄÉ</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> µºÄ¹Ã¸· ı À±½Ä±</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> [</span><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red">en auto ektisthe ta panta</span></i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red">]</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> µ½ Ä¿¹Â ¿ÅÁ±½¿¹Â º±¹ µÀ¹ Ä·Â ³·Â ı ¿Á±Ä± º±¹ ı ±¿Á±Ä± µ¹Äµ ¸Á¿½¿¹ µ¹Äµ ºÅÁ¹¿Ä·ÄµÂ µ¹Äµ ±ÁDZ¹ µ¹Äµ µ¾¿Åù±¹ </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> ı À±½Ä± ´¹ ±ÅÄ¿Å º±¹ µ¹Â ±ÅÄ¿½ µºÄ¹Ãı¹ [</span><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red">ta panta di autou kai eis auton ektistai</span></i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red">]</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">KJV</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> For </span><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> by him</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> were all things created</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black">, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether <i>they be</i> thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> all things were created <b>by him</b>, and for him:</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">NIV</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> For </span><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> by him</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> all things were created</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black">: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> all things were created <b>by him</b> and for him.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="115" valign="top" style="width: 86.4pt; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">NWT</span></td> <td width="468" valign="top" style="width: 351.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> because </span><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> by means</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> of him all&nbsp; [other]&nbsp; things were created</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> in the heavens and upon the earth,&nbsp; the things visible and the things invisible,&nbsp; no matter whether they are thrones or lordships or governments or authorities.&nbsp; </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: red"> All&nbsp; [other]&nbsp; things have been created <b>through him</b> and for him.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none">&nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> &nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> Concerning Colossians 1:16, Albert Barnes claimed: &quot;There could not possibly be a more explicit declaration that the universe was created by Christ, than this.&quot;</span><a name="_ftnref11" title href="#_ftn11"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline" class="MsoFootnoteReference"><font size="1">[11]</font></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">&nbsp; But is this truly the case?&nbsp; If Paul had wanted to say that, he could have said, for example: &quot;</span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">ÅÄ¿Â µºÄ¹Ãµ½ ı À±½Ä±.&quot;&nbsp; (<i>autos ektisen ta panta</i>; he created all things)&nbsp; What he actually did say is something quite different.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Paul here uses two prepositions with the Greek verb <i>ktizo </i> (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">ºÄ¹¶É</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">), </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">create</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">.&nbsp; He says that all (or all other) things were created <i>en auto</i> (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">µ½ ±ÅÄÉ</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">) and di&#39; autou (</span><i><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">´¹</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">&#39; </span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> ±ÅÄ¿Å</span></i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">.&nbsp; The preposition <i>en</i> literally means &#39;in&#39; and the preposition <i>dia </i>(shortened here to <i>di&#39;</i>) literally means &#39;through&#39;.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">With regard to the rendering of the expression <i>en auto</i>, the <i>Revised Standard Version </i>and the <i>American Standard Version</i> translate it &#39;in him.&#39;&nbsp; The <i>Good News Translation </i> (formerly <i>Today&#39;s English Version</i>) renders it &#39;through him&#39;.<a name="_ftnref12" title href="#_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[12]</span></font></span></a>&nbsp; As for the expression <i>di&#39; autou</i>, the same three translations are unanimous in rendering it &#39;through him.&#39;<a name="_ftnref13" title href="#_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[13]</span></font></span></a></span></p> <FONT size=2> <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=208 align=left border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width=5> <IMG height=1 alt="" hspace=0 src="o.gif" width=5 border=0></TD> <TD class=sibtbg> <DIV> <DIV class=mva> <font face="Trebuchet MS"> <IMG height=13 alt="" src="left_quote.gif" width=24 border=0> <b>The original Greek says that all things were created <i>by means of</i> Christ or <i>through</i> him, not <i>by</i> him as the ultimate agent</b> <IMG height=13 alt="" src="right_quote.gif" width=23 align=right border=0><BR clear=all></font></DIV></DIV> <DIV class=mva> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></FONT> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">When the <i>King James Version</i> was produced in 1611, the word &#39;by&#39; was frequently used to indicate the means or agent by means of which an action was performed.&nbsp; Thus, in Matthew 1:22, we have &quot;spoken of the Lord, by the prophet&quot;, where we today would say &quot;spoken by the Lord, through (or by means of) the prophet.&quot;&nbsp; Or Matthew 12:27, &quot;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS">And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom your children <span style="color:black">cast them out</span>&quot;.&nbsp; So in the <i>King James Version,</i> it is clear that the word &#39;by&#39; frequently has the meaning of &#39;through&#39; or &#39;by means of&#39;.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> In the twenty-first century, however, a reader seeing the word &#39;by&#39;, particularly after a passive verb, is likely to conclude that reference is being made to the ultimate agent of the verb.&nbsp; To us, a sentence like &quot;The letter was sent by John&quot; is equivalent to saying &quot;John sent the letter&quot;.&nbsp; You would understand, not that John carried the letter on behalf of someone else, but that he himself wrote it and sent it.&nbsp; In other words, you would think that the letter came <i>from </i>John, not <i>through </i>John (which is perhaps how someone living in the 1600&#39;s might have understood it).&nbsp; This is a significant difference between seventeenth-century English and today&#39;s English.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> The translators of the <i>NIV</i> clearly recognize this principle, as is seen in their own translation of John 1:17, &quot;the Law was given through Moses&quot;.&nbsp; Here <i>dia</i> is translated as &#39;through&#39;, not &#39;by&#39;.&nbsp; Other translations, such as the <i>Revised Standard Version, American Standard Version, Good News Translation</i> and the <i>New American Standard</i> Bible likewise use &#39;through&#39; to translate <i> dia.&nbsp; </i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> However, turning back to Colossians 1:16, we see that the <i> New International Version</i> has translated both <i>en auto </i>and <i>di&#39; autou</i> as &#39;by him&#39;.&nbsp; The problem with this is that modern-day readers are likely to understand &#39;all things were created by him&#39; as meaning exactly the same as &#39;he created all things&#39;.&nbsp; Now this is no doubt what the NIV translators believe, and quite possibly what they want to convey to their readers.&nbsp; But it is not what the Greek says.&nbsp; The Greek says quite clearly <i>through </i>Christ, <i>in </i>Christ or <i>by means of </i>Christ.&nbsp; Just as the Law was given <i>through </i>Moses, not by Moses, in the sense that Moses was simply an intermediary and not the ultimate source of the Law, in the same way, creation was accomplished <i>through</i> Christ, or <i>by means of </i> him, without his being the ultimate source.&nbsp; Thus, the <i> Good News Translation</i> correctly renders the first part of Colossians 1:16: &quot;Through him God created everything.&quot;</span></p> <FONT size=2> <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=208 align=right border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width=5> <IMG height=1 alt="" hspace=0 src="o.gif" width=5 border=0></TD> <TD class=sibtbg> <DIV> <DIV class=mva> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <IMG height=13 alt="" src="left_quote.gif" width=24 border=0> </FONT> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> <b>&quot;Other&quot; is implied in &quot;all&quot; and the NW simply makes what is implicit explicit. <IMG height=13 alt="" src="right_quote.gif" width=23 align=right border=0></b><BR clear=all>Jason Beduhn</span></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> After a verb in the passive voice, the ultimate source of an action in Greek is generally expressed by </span><i> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> ÅÀ¿</span></i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> </span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> (<i>hypo</i>) or occasionally by certain other prepositions without a preposition by the dative case.&nbsp; In such cases, the word after <i>hypo</i> may truly become the subject of an active verb with exactly the same meaning.&nbsp; Thus, if Paul had written </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> ÅÀ</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">&#39; </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> ±ÅÄ¿Å</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> µºÄ¹Ã¸·</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> ı</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> À±½Ä±</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> (<i>hyp&#39; autou ektisthe ta panta) </i>that would undoubtedly have meant that Christ was the Creator</span><a name="_ftnref14" title href="#_ftn14"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline" class="MsoFootnoteReference"><font size="1">[14]</font></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">.&nbsp; But that is not what Paul wrote.&nbsp;&nbsp; What he did write is consistent with the teaching that Christ - the Firstborn of creation - was the one <i>through whom</i> God created everything and everyone else.</span></p> <h3 align="center"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> Conclusion</span></h3> </font> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">The <i>New World Translation</i> has not &#39;inserted the word <i>other</i>&#39; into Colossians 1:16ff, as Stedman asserts.&nbsp; The word &#39;other&#39; is implied in the preceding word &#39;all&#39;.&nbsp; It is simply not true to say that &quot;there is absolutely no warrant in the Greek text whatsoever for the insertion of the word &#39;other&#39;&quot;.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace: none"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">It could well be argued that the use of the word &#39;other&#39;, while a valid and correct translation, is not actually necessary.&nbsp; As we have stated above, English, like Greek, sometimes allows the idea of &#39;other&#39; to be implicit rather than expressed (although nowhere near as frequently as Greek).&nbsp; Thus, if we say &quot;God created everyone&quot;, we don&#39;t mean that God created himself.&nbsp; This appears to be the position taken by Rolf Furuli, who feels that, as long as the preceding verse (Colossians 1:15) is translated correctly, &quot;the reader is hardly misled if <i> pas</i> is translated &#39;all&#39;.&quot;<FONT size=2><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><a name="_ftnref15" href="#_ftn15" title><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[15]</span></font></a></span></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Scholar Jason Beduhn, however, sees the use of the word as valuable:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">&quot;Other&quot; is implied in &quot;all&quot; and the NW simply makes what is implicit explicit.&nbsp; You can argue whether it is necessary or not to do this.&nbsp; But I think the objections that have been raised to it show that it is, in fact, necessary, because those who object want to negate the meaning of the phrase &quot;firstborn of creation&quot;.&nbsp; If adding &quot;other&quot; prevents this misreading of the Biblical text, then it is useful to have it there.<FONT size=2><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><a name="_ftnref16" href="#_ftn16" title><font size="1"><span style="font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline">[16]</span></font></a></span></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">It is easy for critics of the <i>New World </i>Translation to criticize certain&nbsp; renderings without giving the full picture.&nbsp; And, indeed, it is quite possible for them to persuade an uninformed reader, using the <i>Kingdom </i>Interlinear or a similar work, that the NWT has made an interpolation into the text.&nbsp; Those critics who profess to know Greek should be aware of the facts presented in this article.&nbsp; If they do, they are being deceitful when they claim that the NWT adds words.&nbsp; As for those critics who do not know Greek, it should be obvious that their opinion on the quality of a translation of the New Testament can hardly be trusted.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Thus, when Stedman says that &quot;there is absolutely no warrant in the Greek text for the insertion of the word &#39;other&#39;,&quot; what he is saying is simply not true.&nbsp; The <i>New World Translation </i>has neither added to, nor taken away from, God&#39;s inspired word.</span></p> <FONT size=2> <div style="mso-element:footnote-list"> &nbsp;<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a name="_ftn1" title href="#_ftnref1"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> [1]</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Trebuchet MS"> </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> <a href="http://www.pbc.org/dp/stedman/adventure/0252.html" target=_blank> Source: www.pbc.org/dp/stedman/adventure/0252.html</a></span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn2" title href="#_ftnref2"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[2]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> <i>In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation</i>, by Mona Baker, pub. Routledge 1992.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn3" title href="#_ftnref3"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[3]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> </span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; color: black"> F. Blass and A. Debrunner, <i>A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature</i> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961, section.480, p. 254. Trans. by R. W. Funk).</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn4" title href="#_ftnref4"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[4]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> See also Luke 11:42.&nbsp; The <i>New World Translation </i>footnote to Colossians 1:16 refers to this verse as an indisputable example of <i>pas</i> meaning &#39;all other&#39;.&nbsp; </span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn5" title href="#_ftnref5"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[5]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> <i>Panta</i> (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">À±½Ä±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">) </span> <span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> is the neuter plural of&nbsp; <i>pas</i> (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">À±Â</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">) and means &#39;all things&#39; or &#39;everything&#39;.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn6" title href="#_ftnref6"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[6]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/crj0049a.txt</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn7" title href="#_ftnref7"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[7]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> <i>The Role of Theology and Bias in Bible Translation</i> (R. Furuli; 1999) pages 260-1.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn8" title href="#_ftnref8"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[8]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> <i>Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, </i>Daniel Wallace, p. 103-4.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn9" title href="#_ftnref9"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[9]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> It is really beyond the scope of this article to discuss the proper rendering of </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> ÀÁ¿Ä¿Ä¿º¿Â À±Ã·Â ºÄ¹ÃµÉ </span> <span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">(<i>prototokos pases ktiseos</i>).&nbsp; For further information, see <i> The Role of Theology and Bias in Bible Translation</i> (R. Furuli; 1999) pages 246-260 as well as <a href="http://mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/newworldtranslation/colossians1.15.htm" target=_blank> this site</a>.&nbsp; Additionally, Wes Williams has written on the matter on the B-Greek discussion list <a href="http://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/test-archives/html4/1997-02/17331.html" target=_blank> here</a>.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn10" title href="#_ftnref10"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[10]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> <i>Truth in Translation - Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the New Testament</i>, Jason Beduhn, 2003, page 85.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn11" title href="#_ftnref11"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[11]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> Barnes&#39;<i> Notes on the New Testament, </i> Colossians Chapter 1.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn12" title href="#_ftnref12"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[12]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> Furuli (op. cit. page 257, footnote) cites the case of 1 Corinthians 6:2 where he concedes that <i>en</i> may point to a direct agent.&nbsp; However, </span><i> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">µ½ ż¹½ </span> <span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> (en hymin) </span></i> <span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> could just as well be translated as &quot;by means of you&quot;, notwithstanding the statement that &quot;the holy ones will judge the world&quot;.&nbsp; It is clear that the ultimate source of their authority to judge is God, not they themselves.&nbsp;&nbsp; Interestingly, the Modern Greek (katharevousa) Orthodox translation by Neophytos Vamvas renders </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">µ½ ±ÅÄÉ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> (en auto) as </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">´¹</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">&#39; </span> <span lang="EL" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> ±ÅÄ¿Å</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> (di&#39; autou; through him)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn13" title href="#_ftnref13"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[13]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> Robertson&#39;s <i>Word Pictures in the New Testament </i>comments on Colossians 1:15: &quot;</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">Through him</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> (</span><i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">di&#39; autou</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">). As the intermediate and sustaining agent. He had already used </span><i> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS">en autoi</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS"> (in him) as the sphere of activity.&quot;</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn14" title href="#_ftnref14"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[14]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> Wallace&#39;s <i>Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics</i> states on pages 432ff that, after a verb in the passive voice, the prepositions <i>hypo</i>, <i>apo</i> and <i>para</i> indicate the ultimate source, <i>dia</i> indicates the intermediate agent, and <i>en</i> and <i>ek</i>, as well as the dative case without a preposition, indicate an impersonal means.</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn15" title href="#_ftnref15"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[15]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> <i>The Role of Theology and Bias in Bible Translation</i> (R. Furuli; 1999) pages 246-260</span></div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"> <a name="_ftn16" title href="#_ftnref16"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span style="font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;">[16]</span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;"> <i>Truth in Translation - Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the New Testament</i>, Jason Beduhn, 2003, page 85</span></div> </div> <p> <BR><BR>&nbsp; <p> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="178"> &nbsp;</td> </tr> </FONT> </a></center> <p> <font face="Trebuchet MS"><BR><!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> </font> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="178"> <table width="179" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td><font face="Trebuchet MS"><!------------------------ Menu section, links go below ----------------------------><!-- this is the code for a button below, just copy and paste the code to make multiple buttons, you will notice we have did this six times for example --><!--button code start--> </font> <table width="178" height="41" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td width="178" height="11"> <FONT face="Trebuchet MS" color=#0000ff size=2><IMG height=11 alt="" src="buttontop.jpg" width=178 border=0></FONT></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td width="178" height="20" background="buttonbg.jpg"> <FONT face="Trebuchet MS" color=#0000ff size=2 ><IMG height=1 alt="" src="buttonspcr.gif" width=15 border=0>&nbsp;&nbsp; <A href="index.html">Front Page </A> </FONT> </td></tr><tr valign="top"><td width="178" height="12"> <FONT face="Trebuchet MS" color=#0000ff><IMG height=12 alt="" src="buttonbottom.jpg" width=178 border=0></FONT></td></tr></table> <table width="178" height="41" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td width="178" height="11"> <FONT face="Trebuchet MS"><IMG height=11 alt="" src="buttontop.jpg" width=178 border=0></FONT></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td width="178" height="20" background="buttonbg.jpg"> <FONT face="Trebuchet MS" size=2 ><IMG height=1 alt="" src="buttonspcr.gif" width=15 border=0><FONT color=#0080ff>&nbsp; <a title="Was Frederick W. 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